Seated coin collecting by variety has grown over the last 30 years with the formation of the Liberty Seated Collectors Club. This type of collecting has been popular with Bust half dollars for well over 100 years. This can range from a repunched mintmark to the position of a date on the coin to a die crack at various stages. Many people collect Seated coinage by variety. On quarters, half dollars, and silver dollars, the mintmarks were always placed below the eagle but above the coin currency on the reverse. Afterwards, the "O" and "S" (and, later, the "CC" for Carson City) mintmarks were located below the wreath next to the rim. Before this time, half dimes and dimes minted in New Orleans and San Francisco had featured their mintmarks inside the wreaths. Mint eliminated the stars on the obverse of Seated Liberty half dimes and dimes, replacing them with the legend "United States of America", which had previously appeared around the wreath on the reverse of the coins. Around 1840 (the exact date depends upon the denomination), extra drapery was added to Liberty's left elbow.ġ839-O Liberty Seated half dime with New Orleans mintmark. The Seated Liberty coins featured a few minor design changes over the years. The next year, the coins featured thirteen six-pointed stars around the rim, commemorating the original Thirteen Colonies. The Liberty Seated dime of 1838 minted in New Orleans was the first U.S. Only the Philadelphia Mint made half dimes in this year. The large date can be distinguished by the fact that the date is more in a straight line, similar to dates of later years for the Seated Liberty. For the half dime, the small date can be distinguished by the fact that it is slightly bent in a "smile" orientation, similar to the Bust type of half dime. The New Orleans Mint made only one variety. Only the Philadelphia Mint made both varieties. In the small date variety, the "3" has a rounded serif, and there is small a knob, or bulge, in the "7" horizontal element. In the large date variety, the "3" has a pointed serif at top, and the horizontal element of the "7" is straight. For the dime, these two types can be distinguished by noting the "3" and the "7" in the date. There are two varieties the large date and the small date. When the first Seated Liberty half dimes and dimes appeared in 1837, the obverse contained no stars. Beginning in 1866, the coins featured a ribbon with the motto "In God We Trust" above the eagle. Above the eagle around the rim were the words "United States of America" and below the eagle around the rim lay the coin denomination. The eagle clutched an olive branch of peace in its right talons and a group of arrows in its left talons. On quarter, half dollars, and silver dollar coins, the reverse featured a central eagle about to take flight, with a striped shield upon its breast. Before 1860, this wreath consisted of laurel leaves, a traditional Neoclassical image, but beginning that year, the wreath was enlarged and was filled not only with leaves, but also traditional American agricultural products, such as corn and wheat. On these coins, the reverse consistently featured a wreath around the words "half dime" or "one dime". The size of half dimes and dimes necessitated a smaller array of elements. The basic reverse design of Seated Liberty coins depended on the denomination.
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So whatever Elder Scrolls 6 includes, gameplay-wise, it's going to be there for the long haul, just like Skyrim. It lets us know going into Elder Scrolls 6 that this is a game we need to design for people to play for a decade at least, at least". And they love it, they still play it, it's almost infinitely playable, all of the mods and everything like that. Anything we put it out on, it becomes a hit game. I know people joke about it online, but it's one of the best-selling games on Switch. The one thing does is people are still playing Skyrim, it's still one of the best-selling games. During an interview with IGN (opens in new tab) Howard fleshed out a tiny bit on what fans can expect from the game, saying that "I think when they eventually see the game and what we have in mind, they'll understand the gap more in terms of technology and what we want it to do. We've got a glimpse of a few new details about Elder Scrolls 6, straight from Todd Howard himself. "Just as they took the bold first steps to bring The Elder Scrolls franchise to the original Xbox, Bethesda were early supporters of Xbox Game Pass, bringing their games to new audiences across devices and have been actively investing in new gaming technology like cloud streaming of games," Phil Spencer wrote in the announcement.Įven if Elder Scrolls 6 is not a PC and Xbox Series X exclusive, the fact that it will likely be on Xbox Game Pass is a game-changer, as PS5 owners will have to buy the game at full price. We will want Bethesda content to show up the best on our platforms," Spencer said. But what we want is we want that content to be either first or better or best, or pick your differentiated experience, on our platforms. "What we'll do in the long run is we don't have intentions of just pulling all of Bethesda content out of Sony or Nintendo or otherwise. Xbox CFO Tim Stuart did clarify reports about Elder Scrolls 6 being an Xbox exclusive. Xbox made it clear during the Jefferies Interactive Entertainment conference that it will "absolutely" buy more studios, with games "first or best" on the platform. Despite this, Todd Howard has said "it's hard to imagine" not bringing The Elder Scrolls 6 to multiple platforms. Recent reports suggest it's planned to be an Xbox exclusive, and since Starfield was announced as an Xbox and PC exclusive at E3 2021, it seems likely Elder Scrolls 6 will follow the same path. The Elder Scrolls 6 and Fallout 5 remain undated.It's looking more and more likely that The Elder Scrolls 6 will be an Xbox exclusive title. With the project likely a near-decade away, fans should temper expectations and stay incredibly patient. This may mean fans need to be patient – but any game that puts the health of developers in jeopardy isn’t worth the final product.Īt this stage, not much is known about Fallout 5 other than its existence. Given Bethesda was recently alleged to have a crunch culture that ‘destroyed people’, it’s likely the studio will want to do everything in its power to create good games, while still looking after developers. ‘They do take a while, I wish they came out faster, I really do, we’re trying as hard as we can, but we want them to be as best as they can be for everybody,’ Howard said. Read: Fallout 76 developers say studio crunch and mismanagement ‘destroyed people’Īccording to Howard, work on Starfield has taken 7 years so far – and should Fallout 6 be of a similar scale and ambition, it likely means we won’t see the project until at least 2030, given work on The Elder Scrolls 6 will take precedent. ‘We have some other projects that we look at from time to time as well.’ ‘Elder Scrolls 6 is in pre-production and, you know, we’re going to be doing Fallout 5 after that, so our slate’s pretty full going forward for a while,’ Howard reportedly said. Focussing on one major project naturally means less attention for others, and that Bethesda’s upcoming projects are still very far away. Bethesda is currently hard at work on upcoming space RPG Starfield, which has taken priority over anything else at the studio. The Elder Scrolls 6 was first announced in 2018 – and since then, fans have seen nothing of the adventure. This likely blows out the timeline for the game’s release by several years. Speaking to IGN, Howard confirmed the studio is currently working on plans for the next iteration of Fallout – but said it would not be worked on until after The Elder Scrolls 6 was completed. Fallout 5 has officially been confirmed by Bethesda Game Studios director Todd Howard – but the announcement comes with a major catch. ClickUp - helps teams keep their goals on track GoalsOnTrack - if you prefer keeping a journal for your goals ProProfs Project - best for tracking progress towards goals Way of Life - best for breaking bad habits Evernote - best for keeping a goal-based journal Habitica - a gameful way of setting goals Clockify - best for detailed goal-tracking The best goal tracking apps you can use.How can we keep track of goals effectively?.If you’re interested in learning more about apps that help you lose weight, call our office today at 68, or request an appointment online using our convenient tool. If you need help along the way, our team is just a call away and on standby for professional nutrition and exercise assistance. It may take a few tries until you find the best app that’s best for you. Weight loss is hard, and having a team and a support system through it is ideal for success. The team at NuvidaRx can certainly help you narrow down your choices. When you find one that you really like, the probability is higher that you’ll stick with it and use it regularly. On the other hand, if you’re more interested in the fitness aspect of weight loss, there are apps for that as well. If you’re looking to just find out what you’re eating and track your nutrition, certain apps are better than others. The perfect app for you has the features that help you achieve your specific goals. With that said, how do you choose the best one for you? There are tons of different weight loss apps out there that provide the ability to log your food and exercise. Noom also wants you to weigh yourself everyday, showing your results in real time. The app goes into the psychology behind why you eat the way you do, and provides encouragement to track your calories. While it’s not free, Noom is a great app when you don’t want to give up certain foods. You can choose from millions of food items, as well as scan your foods with a barcode scanner feature. Once you enter your information, it creates a customized caloric intake plan. This app is designed for weight loss and calorie tracking. This is good if you’re looking to eat specific amounts of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. However, it’s set apart because it offers significantly more information on the nutrients you’re putting in your body. CronometerĬronometer is yet another successful calorie counting app. There’s a huge database of foods to help you keep track, and a support community that’s available whenever you need. Along with tracking your food and calories, you can also log your workouts, or find workouts that fit your specific needs. It also provides you with your overall intake of protein, fats, and carbohydrates so you know what’s going into your body. These features make it pretty simple to track your calories throughout the day. It has a huge database of foods, both whole and packaged, along with foods from restaurants. MyFitnessPal is one of the better apps when it comes to counting your calories. Here are our 5 favorite food and exercise tracking apps: 1. There are so many apps out there to help you finally reach your goals, but they’re not all created equal. 5 apps that are helpful with weight lossĪt NuvidaRx Weight Loss, our team knows how valuable technology can be when losing weight. Certain weight loss apps help you figure out your caloric intake based on your overall health, activity, and goals. You need to burn about 3500 calories to lose one pound. This is where an app that helps you track your food intake and exercise can help you finally shed those unwanted pounds. This gives you a basic idea of where your caloric intake needs to be in order to lose weight. It’s vital that you understand how many calories you’re consuming and how many you’re burning when you work out. For instance, you may have no idea about your portion sizes, or severely underestimate the calories that are in certain foods. Most people significantly underestimate the amount of calories going into their body daily. However, there are tons of other factors that play into it as well. You simply need to burn more calories than you’re putting in your body to begin losing weight. Weight loss is a relatively simple equation if you think about it. Why is logging your food and exercise important? Willian Lantz Effinger and his team are here to help. When you want to successfully shed excess weight, Dr. Īt NuvidaRx Weight Loss - Tallahassee Clinic, our team are experts in the newest and greatest weight loss technologies. These days, though, it’s a little easier with the technology available through apps. It’s easy to fall off the wagon if you don’t have a way to stay accountable. It takes hard work, including exercise and good nutrition. Staying healthy is easier said than done. When thawing or warming breast milk, run warm water over the storage container (which may be a bottle or a plastic bag) until the milk becomes slushy. For the most consistent temperature control, store milk at the back of the refrigerator or freezer compartment.You are less likely to have to discard unused milk. It is best to use a container that holds enough milk for one feeding. Milk from both breasts expressed during the same session can be combined in one container.The date will help you know which milk to use first and when to get rid of milk you didn't use. It's also important to put the date the milk was pumped on the outside of the bag. If you plan to freeze the milk, allow a little space at the top of the bag-the milk will expand when it freezes.Be sure the bags are sturdy and stored in a place where they will not get punctured or damaged. Plastic bottle liners or small ziplock bags can be used for storage, held upright in cups.Wash them in hot soapy water or in the dishwasher. Storage containers should be clean and dry.Be sure to wash your hands before pumping or handling milk that will be stored.Kept in a refrigerator freezer for up to 6 monthsįollow these tips when you prepare breast milk for storage.If the milk was collected under very clean conditions, it may be stored up to 8 days. Stored fresh in the refrigerator for up to 72 hours.Kept fresh in a cooler with frozen gel packs for 24 hours.If the milk was collected under very clean conditions, such as properly washed hands and properly cleaned pump parts and containers, milk may be kept at room temperature for 6 to 8 hours. Kept at room temperature to up to 4 hours.But stored breast milk is the next best thing to fresh breast milk as a complete and nutritious food source for your baby.īreast milk can be stored and then used in the following ways: footnote 1 The protective components of breast milk decrease with refrigeration and freezing. The antioxidant and other protective properties of breast milk are most important and beneficial to your baby when breast milk is fresh. These fonts are based on the Adobe-Japan 1-6 character collection (23,058 glyphs), which includes many glyph variants. Kana fonts contain a subset of the Adobe-Japan 1-3 character collection and include a set of 471 hiragana and katakana glyphs. A detailed description of the Adobe-Japan 1-3 character collection is included in Adobe Tech Note #5078. It provides complete JIS X 0208 support, along with JIS78 (JIS C 6226-1978) variants and IBM Selected Kanji. The Adobe-Japan 1-3 character collection contains 9,354 glyphs, including some glyph variants. A detailed description of the Adobe-Japan 1-4 character collection is included in Adobe Tech Note #5078. Adobe-Japan 1-4 contains thousands of kanji and kana variants to provide rich typographic support. The Adobe-Japan 1-4 character collection contains 15,444 glyphs and is a super set of the Adobe-Japan 1-3 character collection. These fonts support the Big Five and Hong Kong SCS standards. Traditional Chinese is the form of ideograph used in Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong SAR. These fonts support the GB 18030 national standard and Tōngyòng Guīfàn Hànzìbiǎo (通用规范汉字表). Simplified Chinese is the form of ideograph used in Mainland China. For example, certain supplemental expert set fonts may only contain specific glyphs such as small capitals, swashes or alternate letter forms, while certain display fonts may omit a few accented characters. These fonts may contain a subset of the entire standard Adobe Western 2 character range and may support a limited number of languages. Fonts that include a Cyrillic character set support the following languages: Balkar, Belarusian (Cyrillic), Bulgarian, Erzya, Karachay, Kumyk, Macedonian, Moksha, Nanai, Nivkh, Nogai, Russian, Rusyn, Selkup, Serbian (Cyrillic), and Ukrainian.įonts with Cyrillic Extended character set include characters necessary to support all of the languages listed for Cyrillic and the following languages: Abaza, Adyghe, Agul, Avar, Buryat, Chechen, Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic), Dargin, Dungan, Ingush, Kabardian, Kalmyk, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Khinalugh, Kyrgyz (Cyrillic), Lak, Lezgian, Mongolian (Cyrillic), Rutul, Tabasaran, Tajik, Tat, Tatar, Turkmen, Tuvan, and Uzbek (Cyrillic).įonts with a Latin Extended character set include additional Latin characters beyond the combined Adobe Western 2 and Adobe CE character sets to support languages like Welsh, archaic Danish, and Esperanto.Ĭertain fonts contain additional non-alphabetic characters not in standard character sets, such as bullets, ornaments, symbols, flourishes, icons, and border elements. The Cyrillic alphabet was reformed by Peter the Great in Russia in the early eighteenth century. Fonts with a Greek character set include the characters and punctuation required to support the modern Greek language.įonts that support Polytonic Greek include additional archaic Greek characters that are useful when setting historical or Biblical texts in Greek language. The Greek alphabet is one of the oldest known writing systems, having been adapted from the Phoenician alphabet about 3,000 years ago. This is the standard character set in most PostScript Type 1 fonts from Adobe.įonts with an Adobe CE character set also include the characters necessary to support the following central European languages: Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, and Turkish. Adobe Western 2 is the new minimum character set standard implemented in OpenType fonts from Adobe.įonts with an ISO-Adobe character set support most western languages including: Afrikaans, Basque, Breton, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Sami, Spanish, Swahili, and Swedish. Adobe Western 2 also adds 17 more symbol characters: euro, liter, estimated, omega, pi, partialdiff, delta, product, summation, radical, infinity, integral, approxequal, notequal, lessequal, greater equal, and lozenge. Fonts with an Adobe Western 2 character set support most western languages including: Afrikaans, Basque, Breton, Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Sami, Spanish, Swahili, and Swedish. So be sure to keep it updated with the latest Microsoft Windows security fixes. Boot Camp Software Update 3. That means it'll be subject to the same attacks that plague the Windows world. You can view maps, plan routes, and mark waypoints and. Ironically, Boot Camp 1.2's release puts to rest rumors from last week that Leopard would be delayed because Apple was struggling to make the application Vista-compatible.īoot Camp 1.2 can be downloaded for free from the Apple site, where Apple continues to warn the faithful that: "Windows running on a Mac is like Windows running on a PC. Use BaseCamp software to plan your next hiking, biking, motorcycling, driving or off-roading trip. Boot Camp cannot run on M1 or M2 Macs, but there is a way to run Windows 11. The company has promised that the program will go final when Apple ships its spring 2007 operating system update, Mac OS X 10.5 "Leopard." However, Apple hasn't yet said whether it will charge a fee for the software for those running now Mac OS 10.4, dubbed Tiger. The CrossOver team successfully installed some Windows software on M1 Macs. Other improvements to the dual-boot utility include updated drivers for the. This package installs/updates both the Trackpad++ driver (32-bit and 64-bit) and the Trackpad++ Control Module. Users must shut down one operating system and reboot the computer to start up another. Boot Camp 1.2 is now compatible with the 32-bit version of Vista, said Apple. (The wizard automatically selects and installs the 32-bit or 64-bit drivers based on your Operating System. Double-click setup.exe to launch the Boot Camp drivers setup wizard. Right-click WindowsSupport (CD/DVD Drive), then click Explore. Boot Camp, which was introduced nearly a year ago, lets owners of Intel-based Macs run both Mac OS X and Windows XP or Vista on the same machine, if not simultaneously. From the Windows desktop, open ( My) Computer. E.g: Predicate logic symbols - Karin Howe. Written with uppercase rst letter: P Q Father Rainy Predicates (denoted uppercase): consist of a predicate symbol followed by at least one constant and variable as an \argument" within parentheses. Predicate Logic Syntax Predicates Predicate Symbols: typically used to denote properties of objects, like adverbs or adjectives in language. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. Even though we will focus on L q in the next two chapters, it is important to know … Types of Proofs – Predicate Logic | Discrete Mathematics. The alphabet of L q does not exhaust the symbolic apparatus of predicate logic. The Symbols of Predicate Logic | SpringerLink. It includes the whole of Sentential Logic (SL), which is discussed in a different module. Predicate Logic (PL) is a very well-known formal system of logic. The name predicate symbol is a gesture to the reader to make . A predicate symbol is a letter of L used to describe a predicate or a relation. symbols P taken from a fixed finite set of predicate symbols. first order propositional logic ←→ simply typed lambda calculus type theory called λ→. p modus ponens, 7, 6 Click the card to flip ? Flashcards Learn Test predicate logic. Click the card to flip ? Definition 1 / 87 1. Make sure you indicate which step (s) each derivation rule refers to. Variables are typically symbolized with x, y, etc.Just … ITEC 122 HW (Essentials Of Discrete Mathematics (3rd Edition)) - Quizlet. Quantificational logic introduces two new kinds of symbols: variables and quantifiers. Formal Logic: Symbolizing Arguments in Quantificational or …. Both of these felt rather undercooked to me. The game has two different collectible items plasma and suits. So what was the point in having them be set in the same world? At least in the Fumito Ueda games (Ico, Shadow of the Colossus and The Last Guardian) there were clear hints that they existed in the same universe, which I expected more from Solar Ash. I also read back when the first trailer came out that Solar Ash, according to the devs, is supposed to be set in the same universe as Hyper Light Drifter, but so far there seems to be no references or connecting tissue between those two worlds at all. Overall the score is still great, but it left me wanting a little bit more. After the game came out and I started playing I was then a little disappointed to find out that Disasterpeace had stepped away and was only behind a small part of the music, with another person taking on the role as the main composer. So naturally, I was excited when this game was announced alongside the news that Disasterpeace, the composer of Heart Machine's first game, was returning to score their new one. Not just among OSTs, but albums in general. The outstanding music in Hyper Light Drifter is a huge part of why I loved that game, since that soundtrack probably is the best musical album I have ever heard. The script in Solar Ash can sometimes rely on the typical video game exposition too much, and it doesn't help that part of the dialogue and voice acting feels a little bland, but mostly it's good. The story is pretty good so far, where I am around the start of Luminous Peak, but at the same time I kinda miss the mystery and ambiguity of the completely word-less storytelling in Hyper Light, where the story also felt more emotional to me, even though I barely could understand what was happening in it. Other games that Solar Ash made me think of while playing include Jet Set Radio, The Pathless and Journey, which made me wonder how original this game really is, since it seems to have borrowed a lot. It was awesome the first time, but as the game went on it slowly became a little more boring with each level and corresponding boss fight. Meanwhile, the bosses in Solar Ash, while visually dazzling, feel more like a rollercoaster spectacle, where the only thing you need to do to defeat them is get from point A to B to C etc, and you do it the exact same way every time. Sometimes that could be frustrating, but it also felt rewarding and made the boss fights more challenging and memorable. The big difference though between the bosses in these games is that in Colossus you had to use your head to solve a unique puzzle just to get up on the giant creatures. The game takes a lot of inspiration from Shadow of the Colossus with the visual design of these "Remnants", as they are called, to the point where they almost feel like re-skins of some specific Colossi from SotC, especially the ones in Mirrorsea (Gaius) and Luminous Peaks (Avion). The bosses look very cool, but towards the end their battle encounters became very predictable and on-rails, since you use the same method to take down all of them. It almost feels like the game should have been a pure platformer instead of an action-platformer. The combat also feels way more simplified, with only one weapon and way to attack enemies, and no upgrades to give you more alternatives in how you approach battles. While Solar Ash has beatiful graphics, a fully realized 3D world, nice atmospheric music, an exciting story premise and navigation/controls that are fast and buttery smooth, it still feels lacking in a few parts.Įven though both Hyper Light Drifter and Solar Ash run about the same length, HLD had way more enemies spread out over the course of the game, while Solar Ash only have a few that repeats across multiple levels. HLD is a favorite game of mine, so it's hard for me to not compare the two. Solar Ash is the second game by Heart Machine, the studio that made Hyper Light Drifter in 2016. I saw that the average time-to-beat was about 7 hours, so the reason it took me this long is because I've explored thorougly and made sure to get all the suits and complete the side-quests before moving on to the next level.Īmateur review-in-progress (thoughts might be subject to change): I'm about 9 and 1/2 hours in and just got to Luminous Peak, so I'm guessing I will reach the end pretty soon. Hi everybody! Here are my thoughts about the game that I wrote down on a whim today while playing. This particular piece weights 7.5 pounds. Note how the armor wraps around the body, protecting all angles of the torso. The use of this stance gave the Hoplite a much smaller profile, and in turn a smaller target for their opponents as well, similar to how fencers point their flanks to their opponents to reduce their own profile. The left and right sides of the body would be equally protected, plus would allow it to be much more easily braced on the knee, shin and shoulder. The shield works much more efficiently when held perpendicular to the body with the shield pointing to the enemy. This required the Hoplite to reach over to the right in order to protect that side. The straps made the shield harder to drop if there was a decision to retreat and the location of the straps made the shield awkward to use if held parallel to the body. First and foremost being its weight would tire the wielder’s arm in combat if used for extended periods of time. The disadvantages of it come from its design advantages. The ability to use the hoplon shield in this way not only made it a very effective piece of armor, but also a very vital and potent weapon in combat. The concavity of the shield, along with its size, could then allow for one to press his knee, shin and/or shoulder into the shield for protection and for pushing over enemy Hoplites. The front and back of a hoplon as they are used to protect the Hoplite and press the attack. The shield’s diameter (about a yard), covered most of the Hoplite, protecting an average man of that period from chin to knee. Considering the weight of the shield, a blow such as that could be rather potent, especially in a desperate situation. A tactic such as this could also be reinforced by the fact that the bronze at the edge of the shield was also several tenth’s of an inch thicker at the outer rim. The hand hold being by the shields edge could give the soldier more coordination with the shield, and could also allow the Hoplite to deliver a ‘punch’ with his shield rim. The dual strap design also made it harder for a soldier to have his shield knocked out of his hand by a particularly forceful blow. The shield could be made heavier and more formidable, than those that were held in one hand because the weight was distributed over an area, which allowed for the shield to weigh around 15 pounds. It featured two straps, one in the middle of the shield, and another on the outer edge which allowed a Hoplite to wear the shield on his forearm putting the middle strap by his elbow and holding the outer strap in his hand. This round concave shield was constructed of wood with an outer layer of bronze. What Pheidon did do, was organize these armored men to work together. And Teucer rushed forth eager to strip from him his armour, but Hector, even as he rushed, cast at him with his bright spear. The use of armor and shields was not foreign the Greeks, the tales of Homer are filled with the references to both, and how a fallen warrior’s armor was a trophy:Įven so fell he, and about him rang his armour dight with bronze. The panoply (all of the stuff) including weapons, clothing, and armor usually ranged from 50-60 pounds. The trade-off of which being that the armor would weigh down the individual soldier, both slowing and tiring them at a faster rate than a much less armored infantry. The Hoplite was a heavy infantry, able to sustain a substantial beating thanks to their level of armor. Thus there were variations from person to person that depended upon the individuals wealth, personal preferences, and armor that had already been in the family line. The Hoplites of most city-states were a militia, which resulted in the soldiers providing their own armor. The equipment that follows was considered the minimum of what a Hoplite needed to be properly fielded. Though for this study we shall view what was considered the ‘status-quo’ of an average Hoplite’s equipment, the earliest that we see a use of all the equipment would be in the 7th century BC by the last king of the Argine line, King Pheidon. This leads to an evolution of arms that makes it very hard to pin point the exact equipment used by the Hoplites at any given time. Though this reliance on the equipment at hand to determine the tactics an army would use is nothing new and is still a fact today, along with the tactics themselves determining the equipment used. The word Hoplite is derived from the Greek word “hopla” which literally translates to “stuff”, thus a Hoplite would be a man with “stuff”. The foundation of the Hoplite warrior, along with the tactics that they used, were ultimately a derivation of the equipment they carried. For orchids, the root growth is the best indicator of the health of the plant. Ordinary potted plants are judged by their leaf growth. The secret to growing healthy orchids is to grow healthy roots. So, a pot helps by holding some moisture around the roots. Unfortunately, our homes are not humid enough to support epiphytes well. It is perfectly fine for orchid roots to grow outside of the pot. As a result, we must understand how strange this is for the plant, their roots like to breathe and be free. To better understand the water retention capability of each orchid media please see our Media Weights chart. Also see our illustration of Orchid Root Size and how it relates to the choice of orchid mix. Whether you choose one of our Classic Orchid Mixes, Imperial Orchid Mixes or choose to create your own custom Select-A-Blend, we hope you will see the variety of orchid media and orchid mix ideas available here. The goal is the same, to use a mix that is open and airy and brings to the orchid the appropriate amount of moisture for its needs. Often multiple media are mixed together in an orchid mix with each ingredient bringing unique desirable characteristics to the mix. The conditions on a sun porch in Florida are different from a heated home in Ohio yet orchids, with proper care, can thrive in both. The best media for an orchid is the one that best matches the type of orchid and the conditions in which it is growing. Orchids require special media in which to grow. It is important to note that orchids do not grow in dirt, it will smother their roots and kill the plant. The best orchid mixes contain special medias that promote healthy drainage and good airflow. Our Orchid Starter Kits offer the essentials for growing a happy healthy orchid. Understanding the natural conditions in which the orchid grows, is critical to understanding what the orchid needs for its care. How strange this must be for the plant and how different it is from the conditions to which the orchid has adapted. Imagine now, this same plant in a pot in a typical home environment. Many orchids have to deal with times of abundant water and times of dryness and so they have thick stems called "pseudobulbs" that allow them to store and hold water for the dry periods to come. It is humid in the jungle and these orchid roots have adapted to absorb water from the humid air, hence the term "epiphyte". The orchid gets no nutrients from the tree itself, it is not a parasite, it gets only support and a bit of food from the organic matter decaying in the crooks of branches or from animal droppings that wash down the tree in the rain. Its roots have grasped the tree bark and are using the tree for support. Imagine standing in a jungle and looking up at an orchid that is clinging to a tree. Today's orchid hybrids are very rewarding house plants to grow and are relatively easy to care for if you take a little time to understand their basic needs. These hybrids have been created by crossing different species, and sometimes different genera to breed in desirable characteristics such as color, fragrance, flower size and ease of care and breed out many of the challenging care aspects of pure orchid species. The plants sold at nurseries, florists, hardware chain stores and groceries are likely to be hybrids. Our Orchid Identification page provides a basic introduction to many of the popular types of orchids. Yet, there are only several dozen species widely produced and even fewer that are available at a local nursery. With a plant family this diverse it is challenging to give general guidelines on orchid care. The remaining orchids are terrestrials which grow in the loamy detritus of the jungle floor. Some orchids are lithophytes or "rock plants" growing on or among rocks. Most orchids are tropical plants which live as epiphytes or "air plants" hanging on to trees for support. These numbers are growing every year making orchids the largest and most diverse of the flowering plant families. The orchid family has over 880 different types (called genera) and over 22,000 species. |